The LEAP trial changed everything.

In 2015, Du Toit et al. published the results of the Learning Early About Peanut Allergy (LEAP) trial in the New England Journal of Medicine. The finding was startling: children at high risk of peanut allergy who were introduced to peanuts early — before 11 months — had an 80% reduction in peanut allergy by age 5, compared to children who avoided peanuts.

The implication was profound, and it applied beyond peanuts. A generation of parents had been told to delay allergen introduction. The LEAP trial, and the subsequent LEAP-On and EAT studies, showed the opposite was true: early, repeated, systematic exposure is protective.

80%
Reduction in peanut allergywith early systematic introduction (LEAP trial, NEJM 2015)
15–20
Exposures neededbefore a new food is typically accepted — repeated exposure is the mechanism (Birch & Marlin, 1982; Wardle et al., 2003)
72h
hum.'s observation windowASCIA NZ recommends a few days of observation; hum. enforces 72 hours as a precise, hour-accurate timer

ASCIA NZ (the Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy) updated its guidelines to reflect this evidence. The current NZ recommendation is to introduce the top-9 allergens systematically, starting from around 6 months of age, with observation periods between each new introduction. hum.'s protocol is built on these guidelines — the 72-hour timer is hum.'s own precise implementation of ASCIA's general advice to observe for a few days.

Why this order?

ASCIA NZ advises introducing all top allergens before 12 months, ideally from around 6 months. They don't prescribe a strict numbered sequence — but the evidence and clinical practice point to a clear rationale for prioritisation. hum.'s sequence is informed by that evidence:

Prevalence in NZ: Egg and dairy are introduced first because they're the most common allergens in NZ infants. Peanut follows, informed directly by the LEAP trial's findings. Fish is sequenced before shellfish — not because of cross-reactivity (they have different allergens), but because separating them means any reaction is unambiguous. If you've already cleared fish and then react to shellfish, you know exactly what caused it.

Family history: Following the LEAP trial's high-risk sub-analysis, families with a strong history of a specific allergy should introduce that allergen earlier, not later — counterintuitively, this is more protective. hum. surfaces family-history allergens first in the sequence when you record them during onboarding.

1
Egg
Most prevalent NZ infant allergen. Start with a small amount of well-cooked egg.
2
Dairy
Cow's milk protein. Yoghurt or cheese before liquid milk.
3
Peanut
Smooth peanut butter, thinned. Never whole peanuts before 5.
4
Tree nuts
Almond, cashew, walnut — as smooth butters only.
5
Sesame
Tahini or smooth hummus. Rising prevalence in NZ.
6
Wheat / gluten
Oat porridge first, then wheat toast. Two-step protocol.
7
Soy
Soft tofu or plain soy yoghurt. Avoid soy milk before 12 months.
8
Fish
White fish first (snapper, terakihi). Must be cleared before shellfish.
9
Shellfish
Requires fish to be cleared first. Prawn is the safest entry point.
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hum. reorders this sequence if you record a family history of specific allergens during onboarding — those foods are introduced first, not last, consistent with LEAP trial evidence for high-risk children.

Why hum. does what it does.

The hum. allergen engine enforces seven rules, each grounded in ASCIA NZ guidance or LEAP-derived evidence. These aren't preferences — they're hard gates that can't be overridden without logging a reason.

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Morning slots only for first introductions

First allergen exposures happen in the morning meal — before noon. You're alert, your GP is open, and a reaction will show up while you can act. hum. never places a first allergen introduction in an evening slot.

72-hour observation window

ASCIA NZ recommends observing for a few days after each new allergen. hum. enforces this as a precise 72-hour timer — hour-accurate, not calendar-day approximate — because reactions can show up late in the observation window. This is hum.'s implementation of the guideline, not a number stated by ASCIA itself.

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Outcome must be logged before advancing

You must log an outcome (all clear, mild reaction, or significant reaction) before hum. advances to the next allergen. There is no skip. If a reaction is logged, the allergen is paused and your GP prompt appears.

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Maintenance exposure: 3× per week

Once an allergen is cleared, it needs to stay in the rotation — three exposures per week maintains tolerance. hum. schedules these automatically into your weekly plan and nudges you if a cleared allergen hasn't appeared in 5+ days.

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Shellfish requires fish to be cleared first

hum. sequences fish before shellfish for diagnostic clarity — if a reaction occurs, you know exactly which food caused it. Fish and shellfish have different proteins, but sequencing them separately means any reaction is unambiguous. This gate is not configurable.

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Gluten uses a two-step protocol

Oat porridge is introduced first (oats are biologically gluten-adjacent but tolerated by most). Wheat follows on day 4 of the oat observation window. You must confirm wheat was also introduced before hum. marks gluten as cleared.

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No allergens before Day 15

Babies need to be established on solid foods before allergen introduction begins. hum. blocks the allergen schedule until day 15 of the solids journey, giving the gut microbiome time to adapt to complementary feeding.

Safety in the kitchen.

Beyond allergens, hum. follows standard NZ infant food safety guidelines for preparation and storage.

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Batch cooking — but never for allergen introductions

The Prep Day feature helps you batch-cook a week's worth of stage-appropriate meals on Sunday. However, allergen-introduction meals are always freshly prepared on the day — they are never part of Prep Day. A freshly made bowl means you know exactly what's in it and when it was prepared.

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Cooling and storage

Batch-cooked meals should be cooled to room temperature within 2 hours, then refrigerated (≤4°C) for up to 2 days, or frozen immediately for up to 3 months. Reheat once only, to piping hot throughout, then let cool before serving. hum.'s Prep Day prompts follow these guidelines.

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No honey before 12 months

Honey can contain Clostridium botulinum spores, which can cause infant botulism in babies under 12 months whose immune systems are not yet mature enough to prevent colonisation. hum.'s recipes never include honey for Stage 1–3 (pre-12 months) meals.

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No added salt before 12 months

Infants' kidneys cannot process adult levels of sodium. hum. recipes use none. The app flags any recipe with a savoury sauce you might modify — season your portion only, after serving baby's bowl.

When to call your GP.

hum. is a guide — it does not replace clinical judgement. These are the situations where you should stop the plan and call your GP, Plunket nurse, or Healthline 0800 611 116:

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Signs of anaphylaxis — call 111 immediately

Difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, lips or throat, sudden vomiting combined with pale/floppy behaviour, or collapse. Administer adrenaline auto-injector (EpiPen) if prescribed. Do not wait to call.

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Significant reaction — call your GP or Healthline

Widespread hives, vomiting, or persistent crying within 2 hours of a new allergen. Log the reaction in hum. and do not re-introduce that allergen until you've spoken to a clinician.

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Eczema or existing allergy

Babies with moderate-to-severe eczema, or those who have already reacted to a food, should have their allergen introduction supervised by a paediatrician or clinical immunologist before starting the protocol. hum. flags this during onboarding.

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Anything that doesn't feel right

Trust your instincts. If your baby seems unwell, is not eating, or you're uncertain about any reaction — call Healthline 0800 611 116 or your GP. hum. shows this number on every allergen observation screen. It is never more than one tap away.

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Gagging is normal and protective — choking is silent. A gagging baby is clearing food from the back of their mouth. A choking baby cannot make noise, cannot breathe, and goes pale or blue. St John NZ infant first-aid is built into hum.'s Learn tab and is always accessible from the home screen.

We cite our work.

hum. cites every clinical claim, in plain English, inside the app. The primary sources below are the foundation of the allergen protocol. We update the protocol when guidelines change.

ASCIA NZ — Allergen Introduction Guidelines (2023) Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy. The primary clinical reference for allergen introduction order, timing, and observation requirements in NZ and Australia.
Du Toit G et al. — "Randomized Trial of Peanut Consumption in Infants at Risk for Peanut Allergy" (LEAP trial) New England Journal of Medicine, 2015;372:803–813. The landmark RCT demonstrating 80% reduction in peanut allergy with early systematic introduction.
Du Toit G et al. — "Effect of Avoidance on Peanut Allergy after Early Peanut Consumption" (LEAP-On) New England Journal of Medicine, 2016;374:1435–1443. Follow-up showing sustained protection when peanut consumption continued.
Plunket NZ — Well-Child Tamariki Ora Programme National well-child framework used by Plunket nurses across Aotearoa. hum. aligns milestone timing and referral prompts to this framework.
NZ Ministry of Health — Complementary Feeding Guidelines Government guidance on introducing solid foods: timing, texture progression, food safety, and allergen awareness for NZ infants.
St John NZ — Infant First Aid The infant CPR and choking response sequence referenced in hum.'s safety library and allergen observation screens.
Healthline NZ — 0800 611 116 Free NZ health advice line, available 24/7. hum. surfaces this number on every allergen observation screen and reaction log.
Birch LL, Marlin DW — "I don't like it; I never tried it" (1982) Appetite, 3(4):353–360. Foundational research showing repeated exposure (up to 15+ tastings) significantly increases acceptance of new foods in young children. Basis for the 15–20 exposure guideline in complementary feeding practice.
Wardle J et al. — "Increasing children's acceptance of vegetables" (2003) Appetite, 40(2):155–162. Replicated and extended the repeated-exposure finding, confirming the mechanism across a range of vegetables in UK children.
hum. · for the first 1,000 meals

The protocol, in your pocket.

Four minutes to set up. The allergen timer, the morning slots, the 72-hour window — all running quietly in the background while you get on with feeding your baby.

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